Formula: ~(((p & q) | (r => s)) => ((p | (r => s)) & (q | (r => s)))) Clauses: 1. p | ~r | s 2. q | ~r | s 3. ~p | ~q 4. ~p | r 5. ~p | ~s 6. r | ~q 7. r 8. r | ~s 9. ~s | ~q 10. ~s | r 11. ~s Refutation: 12. p | s (1, 7) 13. q | s (2, 7) 14. p (11, 12) 15. q (11, 13) 16. ~q (3, 14) 17. [] (15, 16) Conclusion: -> The formula is unsatisfiable.